Calamity at Chancellorsville Read online

  Valley Campaign, xxi; first Manassas, xxi, 3; Seven Days’ battles, xxi; Sharpsburg, battle of, xxi; awaiting arrival of his family, 2; diagnosed with dyspepsia, 2; Hamilton’s Crossing, 2, 4-5; called “Old Jack,” 3; how he acquired the nickname “Stonewall,” 3; instructor at VMI, 3-3n; married Mary Anna in Lexington, 3-3n; West Point, 3n; Elinor Junkin is first wife, 4n; Mary Anna arrives for a visit, 4-6; Rev. Beverly Tucker Lacy, 6; sitting for a photo, 6, 8; Stuart gives him a fine coat, 6; Hooker’s army on the move, 9; April 30 preparation for battle, 16; Little Sorrel, 16, 17-17n, 32; observes Hooker crossing the Rappahannock, 17; considers Lee a “phenomenon,” 18; embodiment of a warrior, 19; ordered by Lee to attack Hooker, 19; arrives at Belvoir, 20; arrives at Anderson’s, 21; decides to attack Hooker, 21; forces in ideal position for a flanking maneuver, 23; Union army withdraws to Chancellorsville, 23-24; meeting with Lee, 24; met Stuart at Catharine Furnace, 24; last meeting with Lee, 25-26, 29-30; evening of May 1, 28; night meeting with Lacy, 28-29; sword falls over, 29; “cracker box council,” 30, 31-31n; last time he saw Lee, 32; marching troops extended 10 miles, 32; prods his men to continue moving, 32; starts his march around Hooker, 32; flanking movement did not go unnoticed, 33; silent and grave during the flanking march, 33; on the Federal right flank, 35-37; launches the flank attack, 37, 39-40; rolls up the Union flank, 40, 42-43; contentious relationship with Hill, 44; Rodes asks for Hill’s assistance, 44; at Dowdall’s Tavern, 45; placed Hill under arrest, 45; organizing troops, 46; message from Stuart, 48; ride to the front, 48-49; night ride down the Orange Plank Road, 51-53, 56; orders Hill to press on, 52; wounded, 58-69; broken arm, 61, 63, 66; engraving, 62; carried through the woods, 63; meets with Hill after being wounded, 65, 67; hydropathy, 69, 80; walks off the battlefield, 70-71; litter almost dropped, 72; on a litter, 72-73; dropped off litter, 73; in an ambulance, 75, 77, 82-83; Dr. McGuire arrives, 77; first meeting with McGuire, 79-80; complete confidence in McGuire, 80-81; takes whiskey and morphine, 81; concern about Crutchfield, 82-83; arm is amputated, 84, 86-87; in a hospital, 84; pulse improves, 84; Lee notified of wounding, 88; Lee’s message to Jackson, 89; recovering from amputation, 89-91, 97; arm buried at Ellwood, 92; ordered to move to Guiney Station, 93-95; update on the battle, 93; leaves for Guiney Station, 98, 100-102; a bout of nausea, 100; speaks highly of Rodes, 100; arrives at Guiney Station, 104-105; condition at Guiney Station, 108; suffering from pleuro-pneumonia, 109, 115, 117; Jackson takes turn for the worse, 112-113; a religious discussion, 115; delirium sets in, 116-117; growing weaker, 117; told he might not survive, 119; would not survive the day, 120-121; last day, 122-123; death of, 124-125; casket moved to Richmond, 127, 129; death mask, 129; body leaves for Lexington, 130; Jackson’s body in Richmond, 130; buried in Lexington, 131; raincoat, 137; controversies, 143; controversy: which road, 144-148; controversy: falls from the litter, 148-150; controversy: last words, 151-152; controversy: cause of death, 153-154; controversy: the arm, 156, 158; building the image, 159-161, 163-167; photo, vii, 7, 66, 71, 138-139

  Johns, Pvt. Joshua O., 52, 59

  Johnson, Pvt. John J., 72

  Junkin, Elinor, 4n

  Kemper, Gen. James L., 129

  Knipe, Gen. Joseph F., 54-55

  Kyle, Pvt. David J., 48, 52-52n, 59, 143-146, 148

  Lacy, Beverly Tucker, 6, 9, 90-91, 92n, 98, 102-106, 108, 110, 118, 120, 124, 134; prewar, xi; Fredericksburg Presbyterian Church, 19; Yerby boys as scouts, 20; night meeting with Jackson, 28-29; Jackson would not survive the day, 119; death of Jackson, 126; controversy: falls from the litter, 150; controversy: the arm, 156-157; photo, xi

  Lacy, J. Horace, 144, 146, 156

  Lane, Gen. James H., 46-48, 52-55, 144, 148

  LeConte, Emma, 163

  Lee, Gen. Fitzhugh, 26, 34-35

  Lee, Gen. Robert E., xvii, xxi, 1-2, 6, 27, 35-36, 45, 105, 111, 134, 137, 140; prewar, xii; transformed the Army of Northern Virginia, 15; “…make these changes till they find someone whom I don’t understand” quote, 16; accepts Hooker’s challenge, 16; allows Hooker to move to Chancellorsville, 16; Hooker’s “ingloriously fly” quote, 16; suffering from rheumatism, 17; confident of Jackson’s abilities, 18; plan to hold troops at Fredericksburg, 18; decides to confront Hooker at Chancellorsville, 19; orders Jackson to attack Hooker, 19; meeting with Jackson, 24; last meeting with Jackson, 25-26, 29-30; “cracker box council,” 30, 31-31n; dividing his army again, 31; Jackson starts his march around Hooker, 32; last time he saw Jackson, 32; notified of Jackson’s wounding, 88; orders Jackson moved to Guiney Station, 93; orders McGuire to remain with Jackson, 95; Jackson would not survive the day, 119-120; death of Jackson, 126-127; building the image, 160, 163; photo, xii,

  Leigh, Capt. Benjamin W., 52, 57, 66-68, 70, 72-73, 81, 144, 148-150

  Letcher, John, 105

  Lewis, Jim, 16-16n, 17n, 89, 104, 108-109, 113, 130, 132

  Lexington, Virginia, viii, x-xi, 3, 28, 100, 105, 107, 111, 121, 130-134, 137, 159

  Lincoln County, North Carolina, x

  Lincoln, President Abraham, xvii, xx

  “Little Sorrel,” 16-17, 32, 52, 59, 63, 134, 136-137, 141, 146; photo, 135-136

  London Times, 160

  Long, Col. Armistead L., 29

  Longstreet, Gen. James, 15, 129

  Luckett, John R., 36-37

  Macrae, Rev. David, 140

  Manassas, Virginia, first battle of, xx, 3, 159

  Manassas, Virginia, second battle of, 45

  Marine East Coast Expeditionary Force, 157-158

  Mason-Dixon Line, xx

  McDowell, battle of, 160

  McGuire, Dr. Hunter Holmes, 63, 65, 77-77n, 83-84, 86n, 87-90, 97n, 98n, 103n, 133, 140; Jackson’s chief surgeon, ix; prewar, ix, 79; has Jackson’s complete confidence, 80; finds a wounded Jackson, 81-82; amputates Jackson’s arm, 86-87; finds Jackson doing well, 94-95; preparing Jackson to move to Guiney, 95, 98; moving Jackson to Guiney, 98, 100-102; arrives at Guiney Station, 104-105; Jackson’s condition at Guiney, 106, 108-109; toll on condition, 108; Jackson suffering from pleuro-pneumonia, 110; Jackson takes turn for the worse, 110, 113-115; Jackson is growing weaker, 117-118; Jackson would not survive the day, 119, 121; Jackson’s last day, 123-124; Jackson’s body in Richmond, 129; controversy: which road, 146, 148; controversy: falls from the litter, 150; controversy: last words, 152; controversy: cause of death, 153-155; building the image, 166; photo, ix

  McLaurin, William H., 56

  McLaws, Gen. Lafayette, 22, 24, 31

  Medical College of Virginia, 79, 113, 133

  Melville, Herman, 164

  Moorman, Capt. Marcellus N., 36, 46-47, 54-55, 75, 134, 148

  Morrison, Lt. Joseph Graham, 9, 24, 52, 58, 69-72, 88, 106-107, 111, 133; prewar, x; brother of Mary Anna Jackson, x; death of Jackson, 125; controversy: which road, 144, 148; controversy: falls from the litter, 148-150; photo, x

  Morrison, Samuel B., 111, 113-114, 116, 119-120, 125; photo, 112

  Moss Neck, 8n

  Mountain Road, 46, 49n, 143-146, 148

  Munford, Col. Thomas, 33

  Muse, Pvt. Richard J., 52, 57

  National Park Service, 158

  New Athens, Ohio, ix

  New York Herald, 162

  New York Times, 158

  New York Tribune, 161

  North Carolina Military Institute, 46

  Old Turnpike Road, 13, 21-23, 25-26, 34, 36, 81, 83

  Orange Court House, Virginia, 11, 13, 81

  Orange Plank Road, 12-13, 19, 21-26, 29, 31, 34-35, 42-44, 46-48, 49-49n, 52-55, 57, 63, 66, 70-71, 75, 81, 143-144, 147-148; photo, 12

  Palmer, John W., 161

  Palmer, Maj. William H., 47, 52-52n, 57, 144, 148

  Patrick County, Virginia, xiii Paxton, Gen. Frank, 93, 100, 111

  Pender, Gen. William D., 66-67, 72-73, 77

  Pendleton, Alexander Swift, 16n, 28, 88-89, 132-133; prewar, x; preparing Jackson to move to Guiney, 95; Jackson’s last day, 123; death of Jackson, 125, 127; Jackson’s body in Richmond, 129;
photo, x

  Phelps, Col. Charles E., 156

  Pickett, Gen. George E., 129

  Preston, Margaret Junkin, 163

  Priessnitz, Vincenz, 69

  Prince Edward County, Virginia, xi

  Princeton Theological Seminary, xi

  Princeton, New Jersey, xi

  Randolph, Capt. William F., 52, 59, 148

  Rapidan River, 13, 15

  Rappahannock River, 1, 9, 13, 15, 17

  Richmond (VA) Enquirer, 127

  Richmond Daily Dispatch, 152, 160

  Richmond Sentinel, 152

  Richmond Medical Journal, 155

  Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, 2, 13, 101, 111

  Rodes, Gen. Robert E., 23, 33, 35, 37, 40, 100

  Rogers, Maj. Arthur L., 75

  Russell, Capt. Harry, 43

  Saunders, Pvt. Eugene L., 52, 57

  Schurz, Gen. Carl, 40

  Seven Days’ battles, xxi, 160

  Seymour, William J., 9

  Sharpsburg, Maryland, battle of, xxi-xxii

  Sickles, Gen. Daniel E., 34

  Slocum, Gen. Henry W., 22

  Smith, Dr. J. Philip, 115

  Smith, James Power, 30, 68, 71-75, 83, 86-87, 89-93, 98, 101, 104, 105, 108, 111-112, 114-115, 117, 119, 133; prewar, ix; Jackson’s last day, 124; death of Jackson, 125; Jackson’s body in Richmond, 129; controversy: which road, 145, 148; controversy: falls from the litter, 149-150; controversy: last words, 152; controversy: the arm, 156, 158; photo, ix

  Smith, Lt. Col. Levi H., 53-54

  Smith, Pvt. Lloyd T., 52-52n, 59

  Spotsylvania Court House, 98

  Steuart, Gen. George H., 129

  Stoneman, Gen. George, 13

  Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery, 132-134

  Straith, Surgeon John A., 81

  Stuart, Gen. James E. B., 25, 27, 48, 134, prewar, xiii; gives Jackson a new coat, 6; moving in on Union forces at Chancellorsville, 23-24; at Catharine Furnace, 24; tells of Union flank “in the air,” 26-27; assumes command, 88-89; death of Jackson, 126; photo, xiii

  Sykes, Gen. George, 22-23

  Talcott, Maj. Thomas M., 26-27

  Talley farmhouse, 34, 36, 42

  Talley, James, 144, 146

  Taylor, Lt. Murray F., 52, 58, 68

  Todd’s Tavern, 98

  Tucker, Dr. David H., 113-115, 117-118, 124

  Tucker, Sgt. George W., 52, 57

  Union Theological Seminary, 30

  United States Ford, 13, 15, 46, 49, 100

  United States Military Academy, vii, xii-xiii, xiv-xvii, 3n, 15

  United States Military Units

  III Corps, 43

  XI Corps, 33, 39, 43

  Maryland, 7th Infantry, 156

  New York, 71st Infantry, 57

  Pennsylvania, 8th Cavalry, 43; 128th Infantry, 53-54

  University of Virginia, x

  Valentine, Edward V., 132

  Van Wert homestead, 47, 48n

  Virginia Military Institute, vii, x, 3-3n, 19, 33, 36-37, 46, 130-131, 135, 137, 140-141, 159

  Volck, Frederick, 129

  Walls, Surgeon J. William, 84, 86n, 87

  Washington and Lee University, 134

  Washington College, x-xi

  Washington, William, 60

  Webster, Frederic S., 136-137

  Wellford, Charles C., 24, 29-31

  Westmoreland County, Virginia, xii

  White, Capt. Hugh A., 131

  White, William S., 131

  Whitehead, Surgeon William R., 74-75, 77

  Whittier, John Greenleaf, 164

  Wight, Benjamin, 69

  Wilbourn, Capt. Richard E., 42, 51-53, 59, 61-61n, 62-63, 65-67, 69-72, 74, 77, 88, 144, 147-149

  Wilderness Church, 13, 24, 34, 81, 83

  Wilderness Tavern, 92-93, 98, 106; photo, 92

  Williams, Roland S., 45

  Willis, Col. Edward, 100

  Winchester College of Medicine, 79

  Winchester Medical College, 86n

  Winchester, Virginia, ix

  Winder, Gen. John H., 129

  Windsor, New York, xi

  Wynn, Pvt. W. T., 52, 59-60, 62

  Yerby, Thomas, 4-6, 8-10

  Young, Charles, 161

  Zachry, Col. C. T., 33

  Zoan Church, 20-22

  About the Author

  Mathew W. Lively is a practicing physician and Professor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at the West Virginia University School of Medicine. The recipient of two master’s degrees in addition to his medical degree, he has been an active teacher of medical students and resident physicians for the past fifteen years.

  A lifelong student of both the Civil War and medical history, Dr. Lively is the author of many scientific articles published in the medical literature. Calamity at Chancellorsville: The Wounding and Death of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson (2013) is his first book.